This comment examines the recent Ninth Circuit case, Desertrain v. City of Los Angeles. The Ninth Circuit seeks to establish a standard that prohibits discretionary enforcement of city municipal codes against homeless people, removing one tool that cities use to keep homeless people out of public spaces. However, the court does not provide cities…

The Department of Justice (DOJ) recently argued that immigrants who have not been legally admitted to the United States have no right to claim protections under the First Amendment. The DOJ built its argument on conflicted case law governing immigrants’ constitutional rights. This Essay argues that, contrary to the DOJ position, all people in…